Prevention Industrial Air pollution Report

Prevention

Industrial Air pollution: Air pollution is the most common form of pollution evolved from industry works. Some preventive measures to control Industrial Air Pollution is as follows:

Ø  Fan Intake and Discharge Silencers

Ø  Sound Enclosures, Louvers, and Barriers

Ø  Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers (RTO)

Ø  Catalytic Thermal Oxidizers (CatOx)

Ø  Recuperative Thermal Oxidizers (RecupTO)

Ø  Industrial Tempering Ovens

Ø  Concentrator Systems

Ø  Heat and Energy Recovery

Ø  Ionizing Wet Scrubbers

Ø  Packed Tower Scrubbers

Ø  Moisture Eliminators

Ø  FRP Fans

Ø   Architectural acoustical absorbing materials

Ø   Acoustical barrier materials and enclosures

Industrial Water Pollution: The best approach is to practice waste reduction in different sectors of human activity and to prevent pollution at the source itself. The industries which have tried to reduce waste by recycling materials or redesigning production processes and products have found that such measures actually save money. Industrial and community sanitation along with control and treatment of human waste and industrial waste are necessary to reduce water pollution. More than 95% of urban sewage is released into the near water way or field due to inadequate or lack of treatment plants in developing countries. More sewage water treatment plants should be installed in cities and industrial belts’ the treated water can be reused. The national Environmental Engineering Research institutes should developed innovative methods to treat sewage and industrial effluents using filtration technique, chemical-based clariflocculators, lagoon system for aerobic cleansing etc.  

An Example in Bangladesh: A project using this approach is under way in the Kaliakoir area of Central Bangladesh. The project is working to tackle both the causes and effects of pollution, by implementing changes to production processes with industrialists, through industry and community-based mitigation measures, and community and government monitoring. Kaliakoir is a well established industrial area, particularly known for textile firms, but suffering from chronic aquatic pollution. The local shallow lake (beel) ecosystem is heavily degraded to the point that the canal (khal) and beel, historically relied on by the community for bathing and fishing, are almost unusable. Initial analyses of these water bodies indicate that several water quality parameters exceed national/international standards - dissolved oxygen levels are zero in places, and pH levels are as low as 11. The project adopts a "cleaner production “approach to reduce the level of pollution generated by the factories. This approach includes:

Ø  Discussions with factories to understand the operation process within each industrial unit.

Ø  Construction of a material balance using inputs, processes and desired products to determine unwanted outputs (pollutants).

 ØUsing results to identify pollution reduction measures, including identification of alternative raw materials or process, and recycling options for selected waste streams.

Observation and analysis in the factories suggests that introducing simple changes, like carefully monitoring the dyeing temperature time profile, can significantly improve efficiency, reduce pollution and save costs. Results suggest that 20 % improvement inefficiency could result in savings of up to $90,000, providing a serious incentive to introduce pollution reduction options. The project team is also working to improve effluent treatment facilities. The approach is multifaceted, providing technical support for private effluent treatment plants (ETPs), facilitating shared ETPs and developing novel methods for the treatment for residual pollutants on-site and in the wider environment.

                                                                                                    

Industrial Soil Pollution: There are several things that can reduce soil pollution caused by industrial activities:

Ø  Improved Agricultural Techniques and reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and pesticides.

Ø  Proper Solid waste management

Ø  Reforestation.

Ø  Recycling.

Thermal Pollution: In the USA about 75 to 80 percent of thermal pollution is generated by power plant remainder is   Graph 4: Level of Various Water Quality Parameters. from industrial sources such as petroleum refineries, pulp and   paper mills, chemical plants etc. Heated water from these sources may be controlled with:

Ø  Cooling ponds: man-made bodies of water designed for cooling by evaporation, convection and radiation.

Ø  Cooling Tower, which passes heat to atmosphere by means of evaporation or heat transfer.

Ø  Cogeneration, a process where heat produced is recycled to use in the domestic and industrial purposes.

Industrial Pollution: A European Solution:

European nations are rapidly undergoing industrial development which is also taking toll on their environment and climate in the form of industrial pollution. A successful process of controlling industrial pollution is going on in those countries, which is called ‘LIFE’. LIFE ("L'Instrument Financier pour l'Environment"/the financing instrument for the Environment) is an EU program coordinated by the Environment Directorate-General (LIFE Unit).

LIFE provides industrial innovators with support that may be decisive, in particular within small and medium-sized industries, in demonstrating the feasibility of promising technologies and ensuring dissemination of positive results. Several LIFE projects in various sectors have already contributed to improving manufacturing processes and others are in progress. This brochure highlights examples of the role which LIFE plays in stimulating clean technologies. This role will be further strengthened through the LIFE-Environment projects selected in 2003. There are twice as many projects focusing on such technologies and on reducing the greenhouse effect as in 2002, representing more than 16% of the total. Action at source, and in particular at production sites, is an essential condition for the success of endeavors to reduce the environmental impact of economic activities. Priority should be given to choosing innovative techniques that are geared to prevention. It is also important not to consider problems separately but from an overall environmental point of view: air, water, soil, natural resources, etc. This two-pronged approach, both innovative and integrated, is characteristic of LIFE projects. Many of them contribute to the development of clean technologies in a wide range of industrial sectors.

 

Several Countries got benefited using LIFE to control pollution:

Ø  In Belgium (p. 12), a research centre has been successful in preventing the use of sulphuric acid in the manufacture of semiconductors and reducing de ionized water consumption by 90%.

Ø   In Spain (p. 13), a manufacturer of margarine has met the challenge of excluding from its production process all chemical treatment, waste disposal and pollutant emissions.

Ø  In Italy (p. 14), a textile SME has reduced ink surpluses by 100% and waste water by 60% by developing digital fabric printing techniques at industrial level. In Austria (p. 15), one of the world’s leading diode manufacturers have drastically reduced the level of molybdenum in residual water discharged into the Danube and has transferred the process used to a Hungarian site.

Ø  In Germany (p. 16), an SME has introduced, with major benefits to the environment and worker health, a dry sawing technique for metal tubes and profiles which is likely to be recognized as BAT.

Ø  In France (p. 18), a plant of a major pharmaceutical concern has considerably improved its management of water resources by developing a set of new techniques applicable to many other sectors.

Ø  In the Netherlands (p. 20), a major manufacturer of shock absorbers and a company specializing in industrial coatings have designed a varnish which contains hardly any volatile solvents, thereby putting an end to a conflict with the local population.

Co-generation of heat and power

In the vast majority of cases, the largest single improvement in efficiency and reduction in

Air pollution that can be made at an industrial facility is through the adoption of Co-generation- also known as combined heat and power, distributed generation, or recycled Energy. Co-generation facilities can extract 80 to 85 percent of the energy in fuel, significantly reducing the air pollution compared to facilities where electricity and heat are produced separately. The engine used to generate electricity can vary from large diesels to giant turbines, but the approach is the same: make the electricity and use the heat that would otherwise  

be wasted. The heat can also be used to provide air conditioning,

 using absorption chillers in which heat is use to run a compressor instead of electricity, in which case it is called Tri generation.

Nuclear and Radioactive Pollution:

There are two ways of managing radioactive waste materials to reduce nuclear pollution:

Ø  Initial Treatment of waste : 1. Verification

        2.  Ion Exchange

        3. Synthetic Rock.

Ø  Permanent Prevention :       1. Geologic Disposal

        2. Space Disposal

        3. Transmutation

        4. Re-use of waste.